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FUNCTIONAL
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
SAFETY
S
A
F
E
T
Y
&
&
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
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ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
-
-
Keeping
K
e
e
p
i
n
g
up
u
p
with
w
i
t
h
design:
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
ISO26262.
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
.
Time
T
i
m
e
for
f
o
r
an
a
n
update
u
p
d
a
t
e
Keeping
K
e
e
p
i
n
g
up
u
p
with
w
i
t
h
design:
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
ISO26262
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
time
t
i
m
e
for
f
o
r
an
a
n
update
u
p
d
a
t
e
The
T
h
e
proliferation
p
r
o
l
i
f
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
electronic
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
systems
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
in
i
n
passenger
p
a
s
s
e
n
g
e
r
cars
c
a
r
s
has
h
a
s
led
l
e
d
to
t
o
the
t
h
e
steady
s
t
e
a
d
y
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
new
n
e
w
and
a
n
d
existing
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
automotive
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
standards
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
to
t
o
ensure
e
n
s
u
r
e
continued
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
d
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety.
s
a
f
e
t
y
.
One
O
n
e
such
s
u
c
h
standard,
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,
ISO
I
S
O
26262,
2
6
2
6
2
,
is
i
s
an
a
n
adaptation
a
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
more
m
o
r
e
general
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
International
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Electromechanical
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
Commission
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(IEC)
(
I
E
C
)
61508
6
1
5
0
8
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
standard.
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
.
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
specifically
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
defines
d
e
f
i
n
e
s
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
for
f
o
r
automotive
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
Electric/
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
/
Electronic
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
(E/E)
(
E
/
E
)
equipment
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
and
a
n
d
addresses
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
s
possible
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
hazards
h
a
z
a
r
d
s
caused
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
b
y
the
t
h
e
malfunctioning
m
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
of
o
f
E/E
E
/
E
systems
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
in
i
n
passenger
p
a
s
s
e
n
g
e
r
vehicles.
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
.
Intrinsically
I
n
t
r
i
n
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
offers
o
f
f
e
r
s
regulations
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
and
a
n
d
recommendations
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
which
w
h
i
c
h
can
c
a
n
be
b
e
applied
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
throughout
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
the
t
h
e
pro-
p
r
o
-
duct
d
u
c
t
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
process;
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
;
from
f
r
o
m
conceptual
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
to
t
o
final
f
i
n
a
l
decommissioning.
d
e
c
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
i
n
g
.
By
B
y
implementing
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
the
t
h
e
standard,
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,
practitioners
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
r
s
are
a
r
e
able
a
b
l
e
to
t
o
assign
a
s
s
i
g
n
an
a
n
acceptable
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
risk
r
i
s
k
level
l
e
v
e
l
to
t
o
a
a
system
s
y
s
t
e
m
or
o
r
component
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
and
a
n
d
document
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
the
t
h
e
overall
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
testing
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
process.
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
In
I
n
so
s
o
doing,
d
o
i
n
g
,
ISO
I
S
O
26262:
2
6
2
6
2
:
-
Provides
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
an
a
n
automotive
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
lifecycle
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
(management,
(
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
development,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
production,
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
operation,
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
service,
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
,
decommissioning)
d
e
c
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
i
n
g
)
and
a
n
d
supports
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tailoring
t
a
i
l
o
r
i
n
g
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
necessary
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
activities
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
during
d
u
r
i
n
g
these
t
h
e
s
e
lifecycle
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
phases
p
h
a
s
e
s
-
Defines
D
e
f
i
n
e
s
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
aspects
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
entire
e
n
t
i
r
e
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
process
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
(such
(
s
u
c
h
as
a
s
requirements,
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
specification,
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
design,
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
implementation,
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
integration,
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
verification,
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
validation
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
and
a
n
d
configuration)
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
)
-
Outlines
O
u
t
l
i
n
e
s
an
a
n
automotive-specific
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
-
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
risk-based
r
i
s
k
-
b
a
s
e
d
approach
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
for
f
o
r
determining
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
risk
r
i
s
k
classes
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
(Automotive
(
A
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
Safety
S
a
f
e
t
y
Integrity
I
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
Levels,
L
e
v
e
l
s
,
or
o
r
ASILs)
A
S
I
L
s
)
-
Uses
U
s
e
s
ASILs
A
S
I
L
s
to
t
o
specify
s
p
e
c
i
f
y
the
t
h
e
necessary
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
for
f
o
r
achieving
a
c
h
i
e
v
i
n
g
an
a
n
acceptable
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
risk
r
i
s
k
-
Specifies
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
s
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
for
f
o
r
validation
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
and
a
n
d
confirmation
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
measures
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
to
t
o
ensure
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
a
sufficient
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
and
a
n
d
acceptable
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
level
l
e
v
e
l
of
o
f
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
is
i
s
being
b
e
i
n
g
achieved.
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
.
Importantly
I
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
l
y
the
t
h
e
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
also
a
l
s
o
defines
d
e
f
i
n
e
s
the
t
h
e
entire
e
n
t
i
r
e
production
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
lifecycle
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
process;
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
;
including
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
the
t
h
e
need
n
e
e
d
for
f
o
r
a
a
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
manager,
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
,
the
t
h
e
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
a
a
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
plan,
p
l
a
n
,
and
a
n
d
the
t
h
e
definition
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
confirmation
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
measures
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
including
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
review,
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
audit,
a
u
d
i
t
,
and
a
n
d
assessment.
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.
While
W
h
i
l
e
manufacturers
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e
r
s
and
a
n
d
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
practitioners
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
r
s
look
l
o
o
k
to
t
o
the
t
h
e
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
for
f
o
r
guidance,
g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
,
lawyers
l
a
w
y
e
r
s
also
a
l
s
o
consider
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
to
t
o
be
b
e
the
t
h
e
technical
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
reference
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
in
i
n
any
a
n
y
legal
l
e
g
a
l
arbitration.
a
r
b
i
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
According
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
o
German
G
e
r
m
a
n
law,
l
a
w
,
car
c
a
r
producers
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
r
s
are
a
r
e
ge-
g
e
-
nerally
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
liable
l
i
a
b
l
e
for
f
o
r
injury
i
n
j
u
r
y
to
t
o
a
a
person
p
e
r
s
o
n
caused
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
b
y
the
t
h
e
malfunction
m
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
a
a
component
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
or
o
r
system.
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
If
I
f
the
t
h
e
malfunction
m
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
could
c
o
u
l
d
not
n
o
t
have
h
a
v
e
been
b
e
e
n
detected
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
by
b
y
the
t
h
e
technical
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
standard,
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,
in
i
n
this
t
h
i
s
case
c
a
s
e
ISO
I
S
O
26262,
2
6
2
6
2
,
the
t
h
e
liability
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
is
i
s
set
s
e
t
aside.
a
s
i
d
e
.
©
©
Fotolia
F
o
t
o
l
i
a
2016
2
0
1
6
SAFETY
S
A
F
E
T
Y
&
&
SECURITY
S
E
C
U
R
I
T
Y
-
-
Report
R
e
p
o
r
t
granularity=word tetml={elements={line} glyphdetails={all}} contentanalysis={punctuationbreaks=false dehyphenate=false shadowdetect=false} layoutanalysis={tabledetect=0 layoutdetect=3} structureanalysis={list=true}
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
-
-
Keeping
K
e
e
p
i
n
g
up
u
p
with
w
i
t
h
design:
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
ISO26262.
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
.
Time
T
i
m
e
for
f
o
r
an
a
n
update
u
p
d
a
t
e
In
I
n
order
o
r
d
e
r
to
t
o
address
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
the
t
h
e
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
industry
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
currently
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
comprises
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
e
s
ten
t
e
n
sections:
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
:
-
Vocabulary
V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
-
Management
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
-
Concept
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
phase
p
h
a
s
e
-
Product
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
at
a
t
the
t
h
e
system
s
y
s
t
e
m
level
l
e
v
e
l
-
Product
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
at
a
t
the
t
h
e
hardware
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
level
l
e
v
e
l
-
Product
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
at
a
t
the
t
h
e
software
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
level
l
e
v
e
l
-
Production
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
and
a
n
d
operation
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
-
Supporting
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
processes
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
-
ASIL-
A
S
I
L
-
and
a
n
d
safety-oriented
s
a
f
e
t
y
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
analysis
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
-
Guideline
G
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
for
f
o
r
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
However,
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
for
f
o
r
the
t
h
e
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
to
t
o
remain
r
e
m
a
i
n
relevant
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
in
i
n
an
a
n
industry
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
undergoing
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
i
n
g
a
a
radical
r
a
d
i
c
a
l
revolution
r
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
in
i
n
electrical
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
and
a
n
d
electronic
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
systems
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
it
i
t
is
i
s
in
i
n
need
n
e
e
d
of
o
f
a
a
makeover.
m
a
k
e
o
v
e
r
.
©
©
ISO
I
S
O
2016
2
0
1
6
SAFETY
S
A
F
E
T
Y
&
&
SECURITY
S
E
C
U
R
I
T
Y
-
-
Report
R
e
p
o
r
t
granularity=word tetml={elements={line} glyphdetails={all}} contentanalysis={punctuationbreaks=false dehyphenate=false shadowdetect=false} layoutanalysis={tabledetect=0 layoutdetect=3} structureanalysis={list=true}
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
-
-
Keeping
K
e
e
p
i
n
g
up
u
p
with
w
i
t
h
design:
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
ISO26262.
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
.
Time
T
i
m
e
for
f
o
r
an
a
n
update
u
p
d
a
t
e
ISO26262
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
(2016)
(
2
0
1
6
)
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
edition
e
d
i
t
i
o
n
two
t
w
o
looms
l
o
o
m
s
bright
b
r
i
g
h
t
on
o
n
the
t
h
e
horizon
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
This
T
h
i
s
makeover
m
a
k
e
o
v
e
r
will
w
i
l
l
come
c
o
m
e
in
i
n
the
t
h
e
form
f
o
r
m
of
o
f
edition
e
d
i
t
i
o
n
two
t
w
o
which
w
h
i
c
h
is
i
s
due
d
u
e
for
f
o
r
publication
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
in
i
n
2018.
2
0
1
8
.
While
W
h
i
l
e
the
t
h
e
deadline
d
e
a
d
l
i
n
e
is
i
s
still
s
t
i
l
l
more
m
o
r
e
than
t
h
a
n
a
a
year
y
e
a
r
away
a
w
a
y
there
t
h
e
r
e
is
i
s
a
a
lot
l
o
t
of
o
f
work
w
o
r
k
to
t
o
be
b
e
completed,
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
,
as
a
s
per
p
e
r
the
t
h
e
timeline:
t
i
m
e
l
i
n
e
:
Already
A
l
r
e
a
d
y
subcommittees
s
u
b
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
s
(SC)
(
S
C
)
such
s
u
c
h
as
a
s
SC
S
C
22/
2
2
/
SC38
S
C
3
8
have
h
a
v
e
published
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
Committee
C
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
Drafts
D
r
a
f
t
s
(CD)
(
C
D
)
for
f
o
r
comment.
c
o
m
m
e
n
t
.
These
T
h
e
s
e
drafts
d
r
a
f
t
s
were
w
e
r
e
finalized
f
i
n
a
l
i
z
e
d
as
a
s
Draft
D
r
a
f
t
International
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Standards
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
(DIS)
(
D
I
S
)
in
i
n
September
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
2016.
2
0
1
6
.
This
T
h
i
s
allows
a
l
l
o
w
s
the
t
h
e
SC
S
C
twelve
t
w
e
l
v
e
months
m
o
n
t
h
s
to
t
o
review
r
e
v
i
e
w
the
t
h
e
proposal
p
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
in
i
n
order
o
r
d
e
r
to
t
o
release
r
e
l
e
a
s
e
the
t
h
e
Final
F
i
n
a
l
Draft
D
r
a
f
t
International
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Standard
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
which
w
h
i
c
h
will
w
i
l
l
eventual-
e
v
e
n
t
u
a
l
-
ly
l
y
be
b
e
published
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
as
a
s
the
t
h
e
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
Edition
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
2
2
in
i
n
January
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2018.
2
0
1
8
.
One
O
n
e
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
objectives
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
update
u
p
d
a
t
e
is
i
s
to
t
o
streamline
s
t
r
e
a
m
l
i
n
e
and
a
n
d
contextualize
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
u
a
l
i
z
e
some
s
o
m
e
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
more
m
o
r
e
complex
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
activities:
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
:
Thus
T
h
u
s
in
i
n
order
o
r
d
e
r
to
t
o
simplify
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
y
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
management
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
many
m
a
n
y
“planning”
“
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
”
activities
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
are
a
r
e
being
b
e
i
n
g
moved
m
o
v
e
d
into
i
n
t
o
Part
P
a
r
t
2
2
(Management
(
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety)
s
a
f
e
t
y
)
so
s
o
that
t
h
a
t
most
m
o
s
t
process-related
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
are
a
r
e
grouped
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
into
i
n
t
o
this
t
h
i
s
section.
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
Another
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
new
n
e
w
key
k
e
y
requirement
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
dictates
d
i
c
t
a
t
e
s
that
t
h
a
t
effective
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
communication
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
channels
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
be
b
e
created
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
between
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
functio-
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
-
nal
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
and
a
n
d
other
o
t
h
e
r
related
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
disciplines.
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
e
s
.
This
T
h
i
s
is
i
s
aimed
a
i
m
e
d
primarily
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
at
a
t
improving
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
cybersecurity
c
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety.
s
a
f
e
t
y
.
Related
R
e
l
a
t
e
d
to
t
o
this,
t
h
i
s
,
a
a
new
n
e
w
Annex
A
n
n
e
x
showing
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
example
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
interfaces
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
between
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
functional
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
and
a
n
d
cybersecurity
c
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
has
h
a
s
also
a
l
s
o
been
b
e
e
n
included.
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
.
Lacking
L
a
c
k
i
n
g
in
i
n
the
t
h
e
current
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
version,
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
,
the
t
h
e
revised
r
e
v
i
s
e
d
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
will
w
i
l
l
contain
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
important
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
scope
s
c
o
p
e
extensions
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
to
t
o
cover
c
o
v
e
r
trucks,
t
r
u
c
k
s
,
buses,
b
u
s
e
s
,
and
a
n
d
motorcycles
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
as
a
s
well
w
e
l
l
as
a
s
semiconductors,
s
e
m
i
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
s
,
ADAS
A
D
A
S
and
a
n
d
autonomous
a
u
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
systems.
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
©
©
Fotolia
F
o
t
o
l
i
a
2016
2
0
1
6
SAFETY
S
A
F
E
T
Y
&
&
SECURITY
S
E
C
U
R
I
T
Y
-
-
Report
R
e
p
o
r
t
granularity=word tetml={elements={line} glyphdetails={all}} contentanalysis={punctuationbreaks=false dehyphenate=false shadowdetect=false} layoutanalysis={tabledetect=0 layoutdetect=3} structureanalysis={list=true}
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
-
-
Keeping
K
e
e
p
i
n
g
up
u
p
with
w
i
t
h
design:
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
ISO26262.
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
.
Time
T
i
m
e
for
f
o
r
an
a
n
update
u
p
d
a
t
e
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
edition
e
d
i
t
i
o
n
two,
t
w
o
,
spreads
s
p
r
e
a
d
s
it’s
i
t
’
s
wings
w
i
n
g
s
to
t
o
cover
c
o
v
e
r
other
o
t
h
e
r
classes
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
of
o
f
road
r
o
a
d
transport
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
Although
A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
ISO
I
S
O
26262:
2
6
2
6
2
:
2011-2012
2
0
1
1
-
2
0
1
2
has
h
a
s
demonstrated
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
significant
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
benefits
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
when
w
h
e
n
applied
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
to
t
o
the
t
h
e
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
passenger
p
a
s
s
e
n
g
e
r
cars;
c
a
r
s
;
trucks,
t
r
u
c
k
s
,
buses
b
u
s
e
s
and
a
n
d
motorcycles
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
are
a
r
e
not
n
o
t
covered.
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
.
Even
E
v
e
n
though
t
h
o
u
g
h
truck
t
r
u
c
k
and
a
n
d
bus
b
u
s
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
are
a
r
e
mostly
m
o
s
t
l
y
integrated
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
into
i
n
t
o
the
t
h
e
main
m
a
i
n
sections
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
a
a
few
f
e
w
minor
m
i
n
o
r
changes
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
specific
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
to
t
o
vehicles
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
over
o
v
e
r
3.5tn
3
.
5
t
n
are
a
r
e
being
b
e
i
n
g
considered:
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
:
-
Specific
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
pertaining
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
to
t
o
hazard
h
a
z
a
r
d
analysis
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
and
a
n
d
risk
r
i
s
k
assessment
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
are
a
r
e
under
u
n
d
e
r
review
r
e
v
i
e
w
-
Management
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
variants
v
a
r
i
a
n
t
s
when
w
h
e
n
performing
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
the
t
h
e
analysis
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
-
Integration
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
truck
t
r
u
c
k
and
a
n
d
bus
b
u
s
examples
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
into
i
n
t
o
Annex
A
n
n
e
x
B
B
-
New
N
e
w
supporting
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
processes
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
for
f
o
r
-
Development
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
a
a
base
b
a
s
e
vehicle
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
for
f
o
r
an
a
n
application
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
out
o
u
t
of
o
f
scope
s
c
o
p
e
of
o
f
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
-
Integration
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
safety
s
a
f
e
t
y
elements
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
developed
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
out
o
u
t
of
o
f
scope
s
c
o
p
e
of
o
f
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
While
W
h
i
l
e
trucks
t
r
u
c
k
s
and
a
n
d
buses
b
u
s
e
s
are
a
r
e
mostly
m
o
s
t
l
y
covered
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
by
b
y
the
t
h
e
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
as
a
s
it
i
t
is
i
s
applied
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
to
t
o
passenger
p
a
s
s
e
n
g
e
r
cars,
c
a
r
s
,
motorcycles
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
have
h
a
v
e
very
v
e
r
y
specific
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
which
w
h
i
c
h
cannot
c
a
n
n
o
t
be
b
e
addressed
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
d
by
b
y
the
t
h
e
existing
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
standard.
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
.
©
©
Fotolia
F
o
t
o
l
i
a
2016
2
0
1
6
On
O
n
the
t
h
e
other
o
t
h
e
r
hand,
h
a
n
d
,
as
a
s
many
m
a
n
y
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
specified
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
d
in
i
n
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
are
a
r
e
also
a
l
s
o
applicable
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
l
e
to
t
o
E/E
E
/
E
systems
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
fitted
f
i
t
t
e
d
to
t
o
motorcycles,
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
,
SC
S
C
22
2
2
has
h
a
s
accepted
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
that
t
h
a
t
the
t
h
e
E/E
E
/
E
systems
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
developed
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
for
f
o
r
motorcycles
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
should
s
h
o
u
l
d
also
a
l
s
o
be
b
e
incorporated
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
into
i
n
t
o
ISO
I
S
O
26262.
2
6
2
6
2
.
However,
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
the
t
h
e
adoption
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
an
a
n
unabridged
u
n
a
b
r
i
d
g
e
d
version
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
of
o
f
ISO
I
S
O
26262:2011
2
6
2
6
2
:
2
0
1
1
could
c
o
u
l
d
lead
l
e
a
d
to
t
o
the
t
h
e
incorrect
i
n
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
evaluation
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
risk
r
i
s
k
when
w
h
e
n
applied
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
to
t
o
a
a
motorcycle.
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
.
Thus,
T
h
u
s
,
with
w
i
t
h
the
t
h
e
introduction
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
edition
e
d
i
t
i
o
n
two
t
w
o
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
standard,
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,
the
t
h
e
Publicly
P
u
b
l
i
c
l
y
Available
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
Specification
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(PAS)
(
P
A
S
)
will
w
i
l
l
recommend
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
certain
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
motorcycle-specific
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
-
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
changes.
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.
Thus
T
h
u
s
ISO/PAS
I
S
O
/
P
A
S
19695:2015,
1
9
6
9
5
:
2
0
1
5
,
specifically
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
targeting
t
a
r
g
e
t
i
n
g
motorcycles,
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
,
will
w
i
l
l
form
f
o
r
m
the
t
h
e
basis
b
a
s
i
s
of
o
f
a
a
new
n
e
w
Part
P
a
r
t
12
1
2
in
i
n
the
t
h
e
updated
u
p
d
a
t
e
d
standard.
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
.
ISO/PAS
I
S
O
/
P
A
S
19695:2015
1
9
6
9
5
:
2
0
1
5
is
i
s
intended
i
n
t
e
n
d
e
d
to
t
o
be
b
e
applied
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
to
t
o
safety-related
s
a
f
e
t
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
systems
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
that
t
h
a
t
include
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
one
o
n
e
or
o
r
more
m
o
r
e
electrical
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
and/or
a
n
d
/
o
r
electronic
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
systems
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
that
t
h
a
t
are
a
r
e
fitted
f
i
t
t
e
d
to
t
o
series
s
e
r
i
e
s
production
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
two
t
w
o
or
o
r
three-wheeled
t
h
r
e
e
-
w
h
e
e
l
e
d
motorcycles.
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
.
As
A
s
such
s
u
c
h
the
t
h
e
proposed
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
is
i
s
intended
i
n
t
e
n
d
e
d
to
t
o
address
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
possible
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
hazards
h
a
z
a
r
d
s
caused
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
b
y
malfunctions
m
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
in
i
n
the
t
h
e
E/E
E
/
E
safety-related
s
a
f
e
t
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
systems,
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
including
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
the
t
h
e
interaction
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
these
t
h
e
s
e
systems.
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
SAFETY
S
A
F
E
T
Y
&
&
SECURITY
S
E
C
U
R
I
T
Y
-
-
Report
R
e
p
o
r
t
granularity=word tetml={elements={line} glyphdetails={all}} contentanalysis={punctuationbreaks=false dehyphenate=false shadowdetect=false} layoutanalysis={tabledetect=0 layoutdetect=3} structureanalysis={list=true}
ISO
I
S
O
26262
2
6
2
6
2
-
-
Keeping
K
e
e
p
i
n
g
up
u
p
with
w
i
t
h
design:
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
ISO26262.
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
.
Time
T
i
m
e
for
f
o
r
an
a
n
update
u
p
d
a
t
e
The
T
h
e
worldwide
w
o
r
l
d
w
i
d
e
established
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
level
l
e
v
e
l
of
o
f
technology
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(“state-of-the-art”)
(
“
s
t
a
t
e
-
o
f
-
t
h
e
-
a
r
t
”
)
in
i
n
the
t
h
e
motorcycle
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
industry
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
suggests
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
s
that
t
h
a
t
existing
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
ASIL
A
S
I
L
requirements
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
are
a
r
e
not
n
o
t
appropriate
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
when
w
h
e
n
applied
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
to
t
o
motorcycles.
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
.
However,
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
this
t
h
i
s
will
w
i
l
l
be
b
e
addres-
a
d
d
r
e
s
-
sed
s
e
d
through
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
an
a
n
alignment
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
proposed
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
MSIL
M
S
I
L
to
t
o
existing
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
ASILs.
A
S
I
L
s
.
The
T
h
e
committee
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
also
a
l
s
o
acknowledges
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
s
that
t
h
a
t
product
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
development
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
processes
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
and
a
n
d
technical
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
solutions
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
within
w
i
t
h
i
n
the
t
h
e
motorcycle
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
industry
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
are
a
r
e
incompatible
i
n
c
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
l
e
with
w
i
t
h
those
t
h
o
s
e
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
automobile
a
u
t
o
m
o
b
i
l
e
industry;
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
;
therefore,
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
a
MSIL
M
S
I
L
has
h
a
s
been
b
e
e
n
created
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
from
f
r
o
m
the
t
h
e
current
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
ASIL
A
S
I
L
to
t
o
accommodate
a
c
c
o
m
m
o
d
a
t
e
motorcycles.
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
.
Specifically
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
in
i
n
the
t
h
e
motorcycle
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
industry,
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
,
external
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
measures
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
(for
(
f
o
r
example,
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
riding
r
i
d
i
n
g
rules,
r
u
l
e
s
,
training/qualification
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
/
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
of
o
f
riders,
r
i
d
e
r
s
,
personal
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
protective
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
equipment,
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
,
e.g.
e
.
g
.
helmets
h
e
l
m
e
t
s
and
a
n
d
infrastructure
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
features)
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
)
play
p
l
a
y
a
a
significant
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
role
r
o
l
e
in
i
n
reducing
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
risks.
r
i
s
k
s
.
Other
O
t
h
e
r
areas
a
r
e
a
s
of
o
f
the
t
h
e
standard
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
which
w
h
i
c
h
would
w
o
u
l
d
be
b
e
affected
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
by
b
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have
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also
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e
c
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s
s
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e
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n
d
e
d
.
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32
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h
i
n
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e
scope
s
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o
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of
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f
ISO
I
S
O
26262:2011
2
6
2
6
2
:
2
0
1
1
Edition
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
2.
2
.
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s
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n
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l
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/
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systems,
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,
even
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n
if
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f
dedicated
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c
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u
n
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t
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n
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l
performance
p
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f
o
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m
a
n
c
e
standards
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
exist
e
x
i
s
t
for
f
o
r
these
t
h
e
s
e
systems.
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
Nor
N
o
r
does
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o
e
s
it
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t
address
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d
d
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s
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z
a
r
d
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related
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electric
e
l
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c
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e
,
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s
m
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,
heat,
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t
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a
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o
x
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c
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,
flammability,
f
l
a
m
m
a
b
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l
i
t
y
,
reactivity,
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e
a
c
t
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,
corrosion,
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o
r
r
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s
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,
release
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e
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a
s
e
of
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f
energy,
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
and
a
n
d
similar
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
hazards,
h
a
z
a
r
d
s
,
unless
u
n
l
e
s
s
directly
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
caused
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
b
y
malfunctioning
m
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
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o
n
i
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g
behaviour
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h
a
v
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r
of
o
f
E/E
E
/
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safety-related
s
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t
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
sys-
s
y
s
-
tems.
t
e
m
s
.
©
©
Fotolia
F
o
t
o
l
i
a
2016
2
0
1
6
SAFETY
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